जीवन परिचय: ज्योतिबा फुले का जन्म 11 अप्रॅल, 1827 ई. में पुणे में हुआ था। उनका परिवार कई पीढ़ी पहले सतारा से पुणे फूलों के गजरे आदि बनाने का काम करने लगा था। इसलिए माली के काम में लगे ये लोग 'फुले' के नाम से जाने जाते थे। ज्योतिबा ने कुछ समय पहले तक मराठी में अध्ययन किया। परंतु लोगों के यह कहने पर कि पढ़ने से तुम्हारा पुत्र किसी काम का नहीं रह जाएगा, पिता गोविंद राम ने उन्हें स्कूल से छुड़ा दिया। जब लोगों ने उन्हें समझाया तो तीव्र बुद्धि के बालक को फिर स्कूल जाने का अवसर मिला और 21 वर्ष की उम्र में उन्होंने अंग्रेज़ी की सातवीं कक्षा की पढ़ाई पूरी की।
Jyotiba Phule
Born: 11 April, 1827
Place of Birth: Satara, Maharashtra
Parents: Govindrao Phule (father) and Chimnabai (mother)
Spouse: Savitri Phule
Children: Yashwantrao Phule (adopted son)
Education: Scottish Mission's High School, Pune;
Associations: Satyashodhak Samaj
Ideology: Liberal; Egalitarian; Socialism
Religious Beliefs: Hinduism
Publications: Tritiya Ratna (1855); Powada: Chatrapati Shivajiraje Bhosle Yancha (1869); Shetkarayacha Aasud (1881)
Passed Away: 28 November, 1890
Memorial: Phule Wada, Pune, Maharashtra
Who was Jyotiba Phule?
In India during the nineteenth century, Jyotirao “Jyotiba” Govindrao Phule was a well-known social reformer and thinker. He served as the movement’s leader against India’s widespread caste system. He fought for the rights of peasants and other people from lower castes and revolted against the Brahmins’ rule. According to Phule’s biographer Dhananjay Keer, Vithalrao Krishnaji Vandekar, a fellow reformer from Bombay, gave Phule the title of Mahatma. Throughout his life, Mahatma Jyotiba Phule battled for the education of girls and was a pioneer for women’s rights in India. He is credited with founding the first Hindu orphanage for unfortunate children.
Jyotiba Phule Biography
In 1827, Jyotirao Govindrao Phule was born in Maharashtra’s Satara district. Govindrao, his father, ran a vegetable stall in Poona. The original name of Jyotirao’s family was “Gorhay,” and they belonged to the “mali” caste. Malis was socially avoided by Brahmins because they were seen as belonging to a lower caste. The family adopted the name “Phule” as a result of Jyotirao’s father and uncles working as florists. When Jyotirao was only nine months old, his mother died.
Jyotirao was a bright young man who had to give up on his education at a young age due to his family’s financial situation. He began by working on the family farm and assisting his father. A neighbor who saw the little prodigy’s talent encouraged his father to enroll him in school. Mahatma Jyotirao Phule enrolled in the Scottish Mission High School in Poona in 1841 and graduated in 1847. He made a Brahmin acquaintance there named Sadashiv Ballal Govande, who remained a close buddy of his throughout his life. Jyotirao married Savitribai when he was just thirteen years old.
Ideology of Mahatma Jyotiba Phule
A social revolution in Indian society began in 1848 as a result of an incident that motivated Jyotiba to fight against the social injustice of caste discrimination. Jyotirao received an invitation to one of his friends’ wedding who was from a high caste Brahmin family. But when the bridegroom’s family learned about Jyotiba’s roots, they humiliated and tortured him at the wedding. Mahatma Jyotirao fled the ceremony because he was determined to oppose the existing caste system and social constraints. He made it his life’s mission to relentlessly push against social majoritarian dominance and worked toward the emancipation of all people who were affected by this social injustice.
Thomas Paine’s beliefs had a big impact on Jyotirao after reading his well-known book, “The Rights of Man.” He thought that the only way to tackle social ills was to educate women and members of lower castes.
Jyotiba Phule Contribution to Education
Savitribai Phule, Jyotiba’s wife, backed his efforts to guarantee women and girls the right to an education. Savitribai, one of the few literate women of her day, learned to read and write from her husband Jyotirao. Jyotiba founded a ladies’ school in 1851 and invited his wife to instruct the students there. Later, he established two additional schools for girls as well as an indigenous school for people from lower castes, namely the Mahars and Mangs.
After realizing the miserable conditions faced by widows, Jyotiba founded an ashram for young widows and finally came to support the concept of widow remarriage. His era’s society was patriarchal, and women’s status was especially appalling. Female infanticide and child marriage were both common occurrences, with minors occasionally becoming married to men who were much older. Before they reached adolescence, these ladies frequently lost their husbands, leaving them without any familial support. Jyotiba, who was distressed by their situation, founded an orphanage in 1854 to protect these poor children from dying at the brutal hands of society.
Jyotiba Phule as Social Reformer
The traditional Brahmins and other upper castes were attacked by Mahatma Jyotirao and labeled as “hypocrites.” He ran an anti-authoritarian campaign and exhorted the “peasants” and “proletariat” to resist the limitations placed on them.
He welcomed guests of different backgrounds and castes into his home. He supported gender equality, and he put his views into practice by including his wife in all of his social reform initiatives. He thought that religious figures like Rama were used by the Brahmin to oppress the lower caste.
The society’s traditional Brahmins were incensed by Jyotirao’s actions. They accused him of corrupting societal rules and regulations. He was charged with representing the Christian Missionaries by many. However, Jyotirao was adamant and chose to carry on the movement. It’s interesting to note that Jyotirao had several Brahmin acquaintances who lent their support to the movement’s success.
Jyotiba Phule and Satya Shodhak Samaj
Jyotiba Phule founded the Satya Shodhak Samaj in the year 1873. (Society of Seekers of Truth). He conducted a methodical deconstruction of historical ideas and beliefs before rebuilding one that promoted equality. The Hindus’ ancient holy texts, the Vedas, were harshly denounced by Jyotirao. He used a number of other ancient writings to trace the origins of Brahmanism and accused the Brahmins of creating cruel and exploitative regulations in an effort to preserve their social supremacy by repressing the “shudras” and “atishudras” in society. The Satya Shodhak Samaj’s mission was to rid society of caste prejudice and free the disadvantaged lower caste people from the stigmatization brought on by the Brahmins.
The word “Dalits” was initially used by Jyotirao Phule to refer to everyone whom the Brahmins regarded as belonging to a lower caste and being untouchable. Everyone was welcome to join the Samaj, regardless of caste or class. According to some documented accounts, they even encouraged Jews to join the Samaj. By 1876, the “Satya Shodhak Samaj” had 316 members. Jyotirao made the decision to build a communal bathing tank outside his home in 1868 to demonstrate his tolerant attitude toward all people and his desire to eat with anyone, regardless of caste.
Death of Jyotiba Phule
Jyotiba Phule spent his entire life working to free the untouchables from Brahmins’ oppression. He was not just a social reformer and activist, but also a successful businessman. He worked for the Municipal Corporation as a contractor and cultivator as well. Between 1876 and 1883, he was the Poona Municipality’s Commissioner.
After having a stroke in 1888, Jyotiba became paraplegic. The great social reformer Mahatma Jyotirao Phule passed away on 28th November 1890.
Legacy of Jyotiba Phule
The ideas behind Mahatma Jyotirao Phule’s never-ending struggle against societal stigma, which are still incredibly relevant today, maybe his greatest legacy. People in the nineteenth century were accustomed to accepting these discriminatory practices as social norms that had to be upheld without question, but Jyotiba worked to end this caste, class, and color discrimination. He was the forerunner of novel social reform concepts. He began awareness campaigns that eventually served as an inspiration for individuals like Mahatma Gandhi and Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, stalwarts who subsequently conducted significant actions to end caste oppression.
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Jyotiba Phule FAQs
What is contribution of Jyotiba Phule?
Jyotiba Phule made a significant contribution to women's empowerment and girls' education. On November 28, 1890, Jyotiba Phule passed away. He put a lot of effort into emancipating women and ending caste and untouchability. The effort that Phule did to educate women and members of lower castes is what made him most famous.
Which is the most famous work of Jyotirao phule?
The two best-known novels by Jyotirao Phule are Shetkarayacha Aasud (Cultivator's Whipcord) and Gulamgiri (Slavery). According to Phule's biographer Dhananjay Keer, Vithalrao Krishnaji Vandekar, a fellow reformer from Bombay, gave Phule the title of Mahatma.
Who was Jyotiba Phule in short answer?
Societal reformer Jyotirao Govindrao Phule fought against social ills including untouchability and the caste system and was a fervent supporter of women's suffrage and the education of girls. Phule was a member of the Mali caste of vegetable farmers and gardeners and was born on April 11, 1827, in what is now Maharashtra.
Who was Jyotiba Phule Why was he famous?
Jyotiba Phule, an Indian social reformer and author, fought for equal rights for all people, particularly for women and low-income peasants. He was an outspoken opponent of the Hindu caste system, which assigns a social status to individuals based on their birth.
Who is known as the father of Indian social revolution?
Mahatma Jotirao Phule is commonly recognized as the man who started the Indian social revolution. He was a Maharashtrian social reformer, writer, and anti-caste crusader.
How did Jyotiba Phule influence the Dalit movement of Maharashtra?
In 1848, Jyotiba Phule and his wife Savitrirao Phule founded Pune's first school for Dalit girls. In an effort to secure equitable social and economic benefits for the lower castes in Maharashtra, Phule oversaw the establishment of Satyashodhak Samaj (also known as "Seekers of Truth") in 1848.
विवाह: ज्योतिबा फुले का विवाह 1840 में सावित्री बाई से हुआ था।
ज्योतिबा फुलेविद्यालय की स्थापना: ज्योतिबा की संत-महत्माओं की जीवनियाँ पढ़ने में बड़ी रुचि थी। उन्हें ज्ञान हुआ कि जब भगवान के सामने सब नर-नारी समान हैं तो उनमें ऊँच-नीच का भेद क्यों होना चाहिए। स्त्रियों की दशा सुधारने और उनकी शिक्षा के लिए ज्योतिबा ने 1854 में एक स्कूल खोला। यह इस काम के लिए देश में पहला विद्यालय था। लड़कियों को पढ़ाने के लिए अध्यापिका नहीं मिली तो उन्होंने कुछ दिन स्वयं यह काम करके अपनी पत्नी सावित्री को इस योग्य बना दिया। उच्च वर्ग के लोगों ने आरंभ से ही उनके काम में बाधा डालने की चेष्टा की, किंतु जब फुले आगे बढ़ते ही गए तो उनके पिता पर दबाब डालकर पति-पत्नी को घर से निकालवा दिया इससे कुछ समय के लिए उनका काम रुका अवश्य, पर शीघ्र ही उन्होंने एक के बाद एक बालिकाओं के तीन स्कूल खोल दिए।
जाति से बहिष्कृत: अछूतोद्धार के लिए ज्योतिबा ने उनके अछूत बच्चों को अपने घर पर पाला और अपने घर की पानी की टंकी उनके लिए खोल दी। परिणामस्वरूप उन्हें जाति से बहिष्कृत कर दिया गया। कुछ समय तक एक मिशन स्कूल में अध्यापक का काम मिलने से ज्योतिबा का परिचय पश्चिम के विचारों से भी हुआ, पर ईसाई धर्म ने उन्हें कभी आकृष्ट नहीं किया। 1853 में पति-पत्नी ने अपने मकान में प्रौढ़ों के लिए रात्रि पाठशाला खोली। इन सब कामों से उनकी बढ़ती ख्याति देखकर प्रतिक्रियावादियों ने एक बार दो हत्यारों को उन्हें मारने के लिए तैयार किया था, पर वे ज्योतिबा की समाजसेवा देखकर उनके शिष्य बन गए।
महात्मा की उपाधि: दलितों और निर्बल वर्ग को न्याय दिलाने के लिए ज्योतिबा ने 'सत्यशोधक समाज' स्थापित किया। उनकी समाजसेवा देखकर 1888 ई. में मुंबई की एक विशाल सभा में उन्हें 'महात्मा' की उपाधि दी। ज्योतिबा ने ब्राह्मण-पुरोहित के बिना ही विवाह-संस्कार आरंभ कराया और इसे मुंबई हाईकोर्ट से भी मान्यता मिली। वे बाल-विवाह विरोधी और विधवा-विवाह के समर्थक थे। वे लोकमान्य के प्रशंसकों में थे।
पुस्तक 'गुलामगिरी': सन 1873 में महात्मा फुले ने 'सत्यशोधक समाज' की स्थापना की थी और इसी साल उनकी पुस्तक "गुलामगिरी" का प्रकाशन भी हुआ। दोनों ही घटनाओं ने पश्चिमी और दक्षिण भारत के भावी इतिहास और चिंतन को बहुत प्रभावित किया। महात्मा फुले की किताब 'गुलामगिरी' बहुत कम पृष्ठों की एक किताब है, लेकिन इसमें बताये गये विचारों के आधार पर पश्चिमी और दक्षिणी भारत में बहुत सारे आंदोलन चले। उत्तर प्रदेश में चल रही दलित अस्मिता की लड़ाई के बहुत सारे सूत्र 'गुलामगिरी' में ढूंढ़े जा सकते हैं। आधुनिक भारत महात्मा फुले जैसी क्रांतिकारी विचारक का आभारी है।[१]
निधन: 1890 ई. महान् समाज सेवी ज्योतिबा फुले का देहांत हो गया था।
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